Abstract: Objective: Although research has been conducted in the last decade distinguishing between meaning in life and life satisfaction, no research has examined whether their potential moderating role in mental health problems is distinct. Among military personnel, mental health is paramount, and suicide is one of the leading causes of death. Method: Data were collected to determine the potential moderating effects of meaning in life and/or life satisfaction of battlefield experiences on depression, anxiety, and thoughts about death (including suicidal ideation). Data were collected on 851 total military personnel, spanning two distinct survey administrations, who reported at least one combat deployment. Results: Findings suggest that meaning in life has a significant moderating effect on the impact of life-threatening experiences on anxiety and thoughts about death (including suicidal ideation), but no moderating effect on depression. Life satisfaction had no significant moderating role for any mental health outcome. Conclusions: This research suggests that meaning in life is a significant buffer against certain negative mental health outcomes stemming from life-threatening experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) — This research suggests that the relationship between life-threatening experiences in military service and anxiety and suicidal ideation is moderated by meaning in life. The results provide guidance concerning whether these kinds of events are relevant to these mental health symptoms presented by military veterans and personnel, suggesting a particularly strong impact among those who lack meaning in life specifically, rather than those lacking satisfaction with life generally.